Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Definition

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a fast-growing cancer of the blood and bone marrow. It starts in myeloid cells, which are responsible for producing red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Characteristics

In AML, the bone marrow creates abnormal, immature myeloid cells that build up and interfere with the production of healthy blood cells. This leads to symptoms such as fatigue, infections, easy bruising, and bleeding.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and genetic analysis to detect specific mutations. Prognosis depends on age, overall health, and cytogenetic factors. Older adults and those with certain genetic changes may have a more challenging outlook.

Treatment

Standard treatment begins with induction chemotherapy to kill leukemia cells, followed by consolidation therapy to prevent relapse. In some cases, a stem cell transplant is recommended. Targeted therapies are also used for patients with specific gene mutations.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025