Burkitt Lymphoma

Definition

Burkitt lymphoma is a highly aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that originates in B lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. It is characterized by its rapid growth and need for urgent treatment.

Characteristics

There are three main forms: endemic (primarily in Africa and associated with Epstein-Barr virus), sporadic (more common in Western countries), and immunodeficiency-related (often linked to HIV). It typically affects the abdomen, but can also involve the brain, jaw, or other organs. Symptoms may include swelling, pain, fever, night sweats, and weight loss.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves imaging, lymph node or tissue biopsy, and tests to detect genetic changes, especially the MYC gene rearrangement. Burkitt lymphoma progresses quickly, but with early diagnosis and aggressive treatment, the prognosis can be favorable.

Treatment

Treatment consists of intensive, short-cycle chemotherapy regimens. Intrathecal chemotherapy may be used to prevent or treat spread to the central nervous system. Prompt initiation of therapy is essential, and supportive care is critical due to the intensity of treatment.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025