Childhood Cancers

Definition

Childhood cancers are a group of cancers that occur in infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. They differ significantly from adult cancers in terms of types, causes, and treatment approaches.

Characteristics

The most common types include leukemia, brain and central nervous system tumors, neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, lymphoma, and bone cancers like osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. Unlike many adult cancers, childhood cancers are not typically linked to lifestyle or environmental risk factors.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves a combination of physical exams, imaging (MRI, CT, X-rays), blood tests, and biopsies. Prognosis varies by cancer type, stage, and response to treatment. Survival rates for many childhood cancers have improved significantly thanks to advances in therapies.

Treatment

Treatments may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or stem cell transplant. Because children are still growing, treatments are carefully adjusted to minimize long-term side effects. Survivorship care is essential to monitor and manage any late effects.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025