Ewing Sarcoma

Definition

Ewing sarcoma is a rare and aggressive cancer that usually forms in bone or soft tissue. It most commonly affects children, teenagers, and young adults, typically in the pelvis, legs, or chest wall.

Characteristics

This tumor often causes localized pain, swelling, or a noticeable lump. It can also lead to fever, fatigue, and unintended weight loss. Ewing sarcoma tends to grow and spread quickly, making early diagnosis crucial for effective treatment.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves imaging (X-ray, MRI, CT), biopsy, and genetic testing to detect specific chromosomal changes (such as EWSR1 gene fusions). Prognosis depends on the size, location, and whether the cancer has metastasized. Localized tumors have a better outlook than metastatic cases.

Treatment

Standard treatment includes chemotherapy, surgery, and/or radiation therapy. Chemotherapy is often given before and after surgery to shrink the tumor and reduce recurrence risk. Long-term follow-up is essential to monitor for relapse or late effects.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025