Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Definition

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare cancers that develop from specialized nerve cells in the wall of the digestive tract, most commonly in the stomach or small intestine.

Characteristics

GISTs can vary widely in size and behavior. Some grow slowly without causing symptoms, while others are aggressive. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, nausea, and a feeling of fullness.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves imaging tests like CT scans, endoscopy, and biopsy. Molecular testing for KIT or PDGFRA mutations helps confirm the diagnosis and guide therapy. Prognosis depends on tumor size, mitotic rate, and location, with smaller tumors generally having a better outcome.

Treatment

Surgery is the main treatment for localized GISTs. Targeted therapies such as imatinib are often used for advanced or metastatic tumors, and sometimes after surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025