Germ Cell Tumor Ovarian

Definition

Ovarian germ cell tumors are rare ovarian cancers that develop from the cells destined to become eggs. They usually affect teenagers and young women.

Characteristics

These tumors can be benign or malignant. Malignant types include dysgerminomas, yolk sac tumors, and immature teratomas. Symptoms may include abdominal swelling, pelvic pain, or irregular menstrual periods. Some tumors produce hormones that cause additional symptoms.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves pelvic ultrasound, blood tests for tumor markers (AFP, β-hCG, LDH), and biopsy. Prognosis is generally excellent for early-stage tumors, with high cure rates even when the cancer is more advanced, thanks to effective treatments.

Treatment

Treatment typically includes surgery to remove the tumor, preserving fertility when possible. Chemotherapy is often recommended after surgery, especially for malignant tumors. Long-term follow-up is important to detect recurrences early.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025