Hypopharyngeal Cancer

Definition

Hypopharyngeal cancer is a type of head and neck cancer that forms in the hypopharynx, the lower part of the throat that surrounds the larynx. It often develops from the flat cells lining this area.

Characteristics

This cancer is strongly associated with tobacco and heavy alcohol use. Symptoms may include a sore throat that does not go away, difficulty swallowing, ear pain, a lump in the neck, and voice changes. Because symptoms often appear late, many cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves physical exams, endoscopy, imaging tests (CT, MRI, PET scans), and biopsy. Prognosis depends on the stage at diagnosis, with early detection offering better outcomes. However, many cases are detected at an advanced stage, complicating treatment.

Treatment

Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. Organ-preserving strategies are often considered to maintain swallowing and speaking functions when possible.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025