Pancreatic Cancer

Definition

Pancreatic cancer forms in the tissues of the pancreas, an organ that helps regulate blood sugar and aids digestion. Most pancreatic cancers are adenocarcinomas that begin in the exocrine cells.

Characteristics

Pancreatic cancer often develops silently and is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. Symptoms can include jaundice, abdominal or back pain, weight loss, loss of appetite, and digestive problems. Smoking, chronic pancreatitis, diabetes, and family history increase the risk.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves imaging tests like CT or MRI scans, endoscopic ultrasound, and biopsy. Blood tests for tumor markers such as CA 19-9 may also be used. Prognosis is generally poor because the disease is often detected late, but early-stage detection improves survival chances.

Treatment

Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Only a small percentage of patients are eligible for surgery at diagnosis, and treatment plans are often aimed at extending survival and improving quality of life.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025