Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Definition

Childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a fast-growing cancer of the blood and bone marrow that starts in immature myeloid cells. It is less common than acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children but tends to be more aggressive.

Characteristics

Symptoms include fatigue, fever, easy bruising or bleeding, frequent infections, bone or joint pain, and swollen lymph nodes. AML progresses rapidly and often requires urgent treatment after diagnosis.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves blood tests, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, and genetic and molecular studies to identify specific mutations. Prognosis depends on the child’s age, genetic features of the leukemia, and response to initial treatment.

Treatment

Treatment usually consists of intensive chemotherapy, often administered in multiple cycles. Some patients may require a stem cell transplant, especially those with high-risk features or relapsed disease.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025