Male Breast Cancer

Definition

Male breast cancer is a rare disease in which malignant cells form in the tissues of the male breast. Although it is much less common than in women, men can develop the same types of breast cancer, most often invasive ductal carcinoma.

Characteristics

Symptoms may include a painless lump or swelling in the chest, nipple retraction, skin dimpling, redness or scaling of the nipple or breast skin, and discharge from the nipple. Risk factors include age, family history, genetic mutations (such as BRCA1 or BRCA2), radiation exposure, and hormone-related conditions.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves clinical breast exams, imaging tests (mammography or ultrasound), and biopsy. Prognosis depends on the cancer’s stage and biological characteristics. Early detection improves survival, although men are often diagnosed at a later stage.

Treatment

Treatment options include surgery (typically mastectomy), chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy, depending on the cancer subtype and stage.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025