Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Definition

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a fast-growing cancer of the blood and bone marrow that mainly affects lymphoid cells. Though more common in children, it can also occur in adults and progresses quickly if untreated.

Characteristics

In adult ALL, the bone marrow produces too many immature lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell. These cells fail to mature and crowd out normal cells, leading to symptoms like fatigue, infections, and easy bleeding.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis includes blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and genetic testing. Prognosis depends on factors such as age, white blood cell count at diagnosis, and specific genetic mutations in leukemia cells.

Treatment

Standard treatment involves intensive chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and possibly stem cell transplantation. Maintenance therapy may be needed for years after remission to prevent relapse.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025