Appendix Cancer

Definition

Appendix cancer is a rare type of cancer that starts in the cells lining the appendix, a small pouch attached to the large intestine. It includes a variety of tumor types, from slow-growing to highly aggressive forms.

Characteristics

Tumors may be discovered incidentally during surgery for other conditions. Some grow slowly and produce mucin, potentially spreading into the abdominal cavity, a condition known as pseudomyxoma peritonei. Others, like adenocarcinomas or signet ring cell cancers, are more aggressive.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis usually involves imaging tests and pathology review after surgical removal. Genetic analysis has revealed that appendix cancers have unique mutations distinct from colorectal cancers. Prognosis varies significantly based on the tumor type and stage.

Treatment

Surgical removal of the appendix is the most common treatment. In more advanced cases, debulking surgery and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) may be used. Personalized treatments based on genetic profiling are becoming increasingly relevant.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025