Bone Cancer

Definition

Bone cancer is a rare type of cancer that begins in the bones. It can originate in the bone itself (primary bone cancer) or spread from other organs (secondary or metastatic bone cancer).

Characteristics

Primary bone cancers include osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma. These cancers can occur in any bone but most often affect the long bones of the arms and legs. Symptoms may include bone pain, swelling, and fractures not caused by trauma.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis typically involves X-rays, MRI or CT scans, bone scans, and a biopsy. Prognosis depends on the cancer type, location, stage, and patient age. Some forms, like osteosarcoma, are more common in adolescents and young adults and may respond well to treatment when caught early.

Treatment

Treatment may involve surgery to remove the tumor, chemotherapy, and sometimes radiation therapy. Limb-sparing surgery is often possible. Some patients with advanced disease may require amputation or targeted therapy based on tumor biology.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025