Childhood Cardiac Tumors

Definition

Childhood cardiac tumors are rare growths that occur in the heart or the surrounding tissue in infants and children. Most of these tumors are benign (non-cancerous), but they can still cause serious health problems due to their location.

Characteristics

The most common types are rhabdomyomas, fibromas, and myxomas. Rhabdomyomas are often associated with tuberous sclerosis. These tumors can disrupt normal heart function, leading to symptoms such as heart murmurs, arrhythmias, or breathing difficulties. Some tumors are found before birth during prenatal ultrasound.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis typically involves echocardiography, MRI, or CT scans. Genetic testing may be used if a hereditary syndrome is suspected. Prognosis depends on the tumor type, size, and impact on heart function. Benign tumors may shrink over time, especially rhabdomyomas.

Treatment

Many benign tumors do not require immediate treatment and are monitored over time. If the tumor causes complications, surgical removal may be necessary. Treatment decisions are guided by the child’s symptoms and the tumor’s effect on heart structure and function.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025