Childhood Ependymoma

Definition

Childhood ependymoma is a rare brain or spinal cord tumor that arises from ependymal cells lining the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. It is more common in young children but can occur at any age.

Characteristics

Symptoms depend on the tumor’s location. In the brain, it may cause headaches, nausea, vomiting, balance problems, or hydrocephalus. In the spinal cord, symptoms can include back pain, weakness, or changes in bladder or bowel control.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves brain or spine imaging (MRI), neurological exams, and biopsy or surgical removal for histologic confirmation. Prognosis varies depending on tumor grade, location, and whether it can be completely removed. Complete resection is associated with better outcomes.

Treatment

Treatment typically includes surgery to remove as much of the tumor as safely possible. Postoperative radiation therapy is often used, especially in children over age 3. Chemotherapy may be considered in younger children or when surgery and radiation are not sufficient.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025