Childhood Melanoma

Definition

Childhood melanoma is a rare form of skin cancer that begins in melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells. It typically affects older children and adolescents, but it can occasionally occur in younger children as well.

Characteristics

Unlike adult melanoma, pediatric melanoma may not follow the classic ABCDE signs. It can appear as a pink, red, or flesh-colored bump, or as a changing mole. Risk factors include genetic conditions (like familial atypical mole syndrome), sunburns, and fair skin.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves skin examination, biopsy, and sometimes lymph node evaluation or imaging. Prognosis is generally good when the cancer is found early. Thin, localized melanomas often have excellent outcomes.

Treatment

Surgery is the main treatment. Depending on the stage, lymph node biopsy or additional treatments such as immunotherapy or targeted therapy may be required. Long-term follow-up is important due to the risk of recurrence or spread.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025