Childhood Ovarian Cancer

Definition

Childhood ovarian cancer is rare and involves malignant tumors that form in the ovaries of children and adolescents. Most cases are germ cell tumors, but epithelial and sex cord-stromal tumors can also occur.

Characteristics

Symptoms may include abdominal pain or swelling, a palpable mass, early puberty, menstrual irregularities, or weight loss. Because ovarian tumors are uncommon in children, diagnosis can sometimes be delayed until symptoms become significant.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves imaging tests (ultrasound, CT, MRI), blood tests for tumor markers (AFP, β-hCG), and surgical evaluation. Prognosis depends on the tumor type, size, spread, and response to treatment. Germ cell tumors usually have a favorable outcome with appropriate therapy.

Treatment

Treatment typically includes surgery to remove the tumor, often aiming to preserve fertility. Chemotherapy may be necessary for malignant or advanced tumors. Long-term follow-up is important for monitoring recurrence and preserving reproductive health.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025