Childhood Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma

Definition

Childhood thymoma and thymic carcinoma are extremely rare cancers that originate in the thymus gland, located in the chest behind the breastbone. Thymomas are generally slow-growing, while thymic carcinomas are more aggressive and likely to spread.

Characteristics

Because these tumors are uncommon in children, they are often diagnosed incidentally. Symptoms, when present, may include cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, or signs of autoimmune disorders such as myasthenia gravis.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves imaging tests like chest X-rays, CT or MRI scans, and biopsy. Prognosis depends on the type of tumor, whether it has spread, and the success of surgical removal. Thymomas have a more favorable outlook than thymic carcinomas.

Treatment

Treatment usually involves surgery to remove the tumor. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy may be needed if the tumor is invasive, cannot be fully removed, or recurs. Because of the rarity, treatment is often guided by protocols used in adults, adapted for pediatric care.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025