Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

Definition

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a slow-growing blood cancer that starts in B lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. It mostly affects older adults and often progresses gradually.

Characteristics

CLL may cause few or no symptoms in its early stages. When symptoms do appear, they can include swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, frequent infections, weight loss, and night sweats. Some people live for years without needing treatment.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis is made through blood tests, flow cytometry, bone marrow biopsy, and genetic testing. Prognosis depends on factors like age, chromosomal abnormalities, and overall health. Some subtypes progress faster than others.

Treatment

Not all CLL cases require immediate treatment. When necessary, options include targeted therapies (like BTK or BCL-2 inhibitors), chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or a combination. Treatment is personalized based on disease stage and molecular profile.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025