Colon Cancer

Definition

Colon cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the colon, the longest part of the large intestine. It usually begins as a growth called a polyp, which can become cancerous over time.

Characteristics

Symptoms may include changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, abdominal discomfort, fatigue, and unintended weight loss. However, early-stage colon cancer often causes no symptoms, making regular screening essential.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves colonoscopy, biopsy, imaging tests, and sometimes blood tests for tumor markers. Prognosis depends on the stage at diagnosis. Early-stage cancers have high survival rates, while advanced stages may require more aggressive treatment.

Treatment

Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, depending on the cancer’s stage and molecular profile. Regular follow-up is key to managing recurrence risks and long-term outcomes.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025