Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma

Definition

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a rare and aggressive brain tumor that forms in the pons, a part of the brainstem that controls vital functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and movement. It primarily affects children between the ages of 5 and 10.

Characteristics

DIPG grows rapidly and infiltrates healthy brainstem tissue, making surgical removal impossible. Symptoms include problems with balance and walking, facial weakness, double vision, difficulty swallowing, and slurred speech. Symptoms often progress quickly.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis is based on neurological exams and brain MRI. Biopsy is not always performed due to the tumor’s sensitive location, though it’s becoming more common for molecular analysis. Prognosis is poor, with median survival less than one year. DIPG is resistant to most treatments, and recurrence is common.

Treatment

Radiation therapy is the main treatment and can temporarily relieve symptoms and slow tumor growth. Experimental therapies and clinical trials are ongoing, including targeted therapies and immunotherapies, but no cure currently exists. Supportive care is essential for quality of life.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025