Endometrial Cancer

Definition

Endometrial cancer is a type of uterine cancer that begins in the lining of the uterus (endometrium). It is the most common gynecologic cancer in the United States and usually affects postmenopausal women.

Characteristics

The most common symptom is abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially after menopause. Other symptoms may include pelvic pain, weight loss, or a mass in the pelvic area. The cancer is typically classified into Type 1 (hormone-related, slower growing) and Type 2 (more aggressive and less common).

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves pelvic exams, ultrasound, endometrial biopsy, and sometimes hysteroscopy. Prognosis depends on the stage, tumor grade, and type. Early-stage endometrial cancer has a high survival rate when treated promptly.

Treatment

Treatment often includes surgery (hysterectomy), possibly followed by radiation, hormone therapy, or chemotherapy depending on cancer stage and type. Targeted therapies and immunotherapy may be used for advanced or recurrent cases.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025