Esthesioneuroblastoma

Definition

Esthesioneuroblastoma, also known as olfactory neuroblastoma, is a rare cancer that develops in the olfactory epithelium, the tissue responsible for the sense of smell, located in the upper part of the nasal cavity.

Characteristics

This tumor can cause nasal congestion, nosebleeds, loss of sense of smell, headaches, facial pain, or swelling. In some cases, it can invade nearby structures like the eyes or brain if not detected early.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves imaging tests (CT, MRI), nasal endoscopy, and biopsy. Prognosis depends on the tumor’s size, extent of spread, and how completely it can be surgically removed. Early-stage tumors have a better outlook.

Treatment

Treatment typically includes surgery to remove the tumor, followed by radiation therapy. Chemotherapy may be used for advanced or recurrent cases. A multidisciplinary team approach is important for optimal care.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025