Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors

Definition

Extracranial germ cell tumors are cancers that develop from germ cells, cells that normally become sperm or eggs, but occur outside the brain. They can be found in the ovaries, testes, or other parts of the body like the chest, abdomen, or pelvis.

Characteristics

These tumors may be benign or malignant and include types like teratomas, yolk sac tumors, embryonal carcinomas, and choriocarcinomas. Symptoms depend on tumor location and may include pain, swelling, or a noticeable mass.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis includes imaging (ultrasound, CT, MRI), blood tests for tumor markers (AFP, β-hCG), and biopsy. Prognosis varies by tumor type, location, and whether the cancer has spread. Many extracranial germ cell tumors respond well to treatment and are curable.

Treatment

Treatment typically involves surgery to remove the tumor, often followed by chemotherapy for malignant types. Radiation is used less frequently. Long-term follow-up is important to monitor recurrence and manage late effects.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025