Germ Cell Tumors Childhood CNS

Definition

CNS germ cell tumors are rare brain tumors that develop from germ cells located in the brain instead of the reproductive organs. They mainly affect children and teenagers, most often appearing near the pineal or pituitary glands.

Characteristics

There are two main types: germinomas and non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs). Symptoms vary depending on the tumor’s location and can include headaches, nausea, vision problems, early or delayed puberty, and difficulty with balance.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves MRI scans, blood and cerebrospinal fluid tests for tumor markers (AFP and β-hCG), and biopsy if needed. Prognosis is generally better for germinomas, which are highly responsive to treatment. NGGCTs are more challenging but can still be treated successfully.

Treatment

Treatment typically includes a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Germinomas may require less aggressive therapy, while NGGCTs often need intensive combined treatments.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025