Germ Cell Tumors Childhood Extracranial

Definition

Extracranial germ cell tumors are rare cancers that develop from germ cells located outside the ovaries or testes. These tumors can form in areas such as the mediastinum (chest), retroperitoneum (abdomen), or pelvis.

Characteristics

These tumors can be benign or malignant. Symptoms vary depending on location and can include chest pain, difficulty breathing, or abdominal swelling. They are most common in teenagers and young adults.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves imaging studies (CT, MRI), blood tests for tumor markers (AFP, β-hCG), and biopsy. Prognosis depends on tumor type, size, and spread. Many cases respond well to chemotherapy, especially if diagnosed early.

Treatment

Treatment typically includes chemotherapy and surgery. Radiation therapy is less common. Long-term follow-up is essential to monitor for recurrence or late effects, especially in mediastinal tumors.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025