Intraocular Melanoma

Definition

Intraocular melanoma is a rare eye cancer that develops in the melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells inside the eye. It most often occurs in the uvea, which includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.

Characteristics

This eye cancer can cause changes in vision, such as blurred vision, dark spots, flashes of light, or a visible dark spot on the iris. Some intraocular melanomas are slow-growing and may not cause symptoms until they become large.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves a thorough eye examination, ultrasound, fluorescein angiography, and sometimes biopsy. Prognosis depends on the size and location of the tumor and whether it has spread outside the eye. Small tumors often have a better outlook.

Treatment

Treatment options include radiation therapy, laser therapy, and surgery to remove part or all of the eye. The goal is to eliminate the cancer while preserving as much vision as possible when feasible.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025