Kaposi Sarcoma

Definition

Kaposi sarcoma is a rare cancer that forms in the lining of blood and lymph vessels. It is caused by infection with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and most commonly affects people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS.

Characteristics

The disease typically appears as purple, red, or brown patches or nodules on the skin or mucous membranes. It can also affect internal organs, including the lungs, liver, and digestive tract. Kaposi sarcoma can be slow-growing or more aggressive depending on the type and the patient’s immune status.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis includes physical examination, skin biopsy, imaging tests, and endoscopy if internal involvement is suspected. Prognosis varies by type: classic Kaposi tends to progress slowly, while epidemic (AIDS-related) Kaposi sarcoma can be more aggressive but often responds to antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Treatment

Treatment depends on the type of Kaposi sarcoma and the extent of disease. Options include antiretroviral therapy (for HIV-positive patients), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or surgical removal of lesions. Localized lesions may not require systemic treatment.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025