Kidney Cancer

Definition

Kidney cancer starts in the tissues of the kidneys, the organs that filter blood and produce urine. The most common type is renal cell carcinoma, although other types like transitional cell carcinoma and Wilms tumor (in children) also occur.

Characteristics

Kidney cancer often causes few symptoms in its early stages. As it grows, symptoms may include blood in the urine, back or side pain, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, or a lump in the abdomen.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves imaging tests like ultrasound, CT, or MRI scans, and sometimes biopsy. Prognosis depends on the cancer type, size, stage, and spread. Many localized kidney cancers are highly treatable, especially when detected early.

Treatment

Treatment options include surgery (partial or complete nephrectomy), targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and, less commonly, radiation therapy. Active surveillance may be considered for small tumors or patients with other health issues.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025