Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH)

Definition

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease that causes an abnormal buildup of Langerhans cells, a type of immune cell. It can behave like cancer or an inflammatory disorder and affect both children and adults.

Characteristics

LCH can involve bones, skin, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, lungs, or the brain. Symptoms vary depending on the organs affected and may include bone pain, skin rashes, swollen lymph nodes, breathing problems, or hormonal imbalances.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis includes biopsy, imaging tests (X-ray, CT, MRI), and blood work. Prognosis depends on how many organs are involved and how well the disease responds to treatment. Single-system disease has a better outlook than multisystem involvement.

Treatment

Treatment may involve observation for mild cases, chemotherapy, steroids, surgery, targeted therapy, or radiation therapy for more severe or resistant disease.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025