Laryngeal Cancer

Definition

Laryngeal cancer is a type of head and neck cancer that forms in the tissues of the larynx, or voice box, located in the throat. It most commonly develops from squamous cells lining the inside of the larynx.

Characteristics

Risk factors include tobacco use, heavy alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Symptoms may include hoarseness, a lump in the neck, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, persistent cough, and breathing problems.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves physical examination, laryngoscopy, biopsy, and imaging tests like CT or MRI scans. Prognosis depends on the tumor’s location, size, and whether it has spread. Early-stage laryngeal cancer often has a favorable outcome, especially when voice-preserving treatments are possible.

Treatment

Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination. Depending on the stage, treatments aim to preserve the voice and normal breathing whenever possible. Advanced cases may require partial or total removal of the larynx (laryngectomy).

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025