Liver Cancer

Definition

Liver cancer begins in the cells of the liver, an organ essential for digestion and detoxification. The two main types are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which arises from liver cells, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, which starts in the bile ducts within the liver.

Characteristics

Risk factors include chronic hepatitis B or C infection, cirrhosis, alcohol abuse, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and exposure to aflatoxins. Symptoms often appear late and may include jaundice, abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and swelling in the abdomen.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves blood tests (such as alpha-fetoprotein levels), imaging (ultrasound, CT, MRI), and biopsy if needed. Prognosis depends on cancer type, stage, liver function, and overall health. Early detection significantly improves outcomes.

Treatment

Treatment options include surgical resection, liver transplantation, local ablative therapies, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The choice depends on tumor size, spread, and liver function status.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025