Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer

Definition

Metastatic squamous neck cancer with occult primary occurs when squamous cell cancer spreads to the lymph nodes in the neck, but the original (primary) tumor cannot be found.

Characteristics

Patients often present with a lump or swollen lymph nodes in the neck. Other symptoms may include sore throat, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, or ear pain, although the primary tumor remains hidden despite extensive diagnostic testing.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis includes physical examination, imaging tests (CT, MRI, PET scans), endoscopy, and biopsy of the affected lymph nodes. Prognosis depends on the number and size of lymph nodes involved, the presence of HPV infection, and the patient’s overall health.

Treatment

Treatment typically involves a combination of surgery (neck dissection), radiation therapy, and sometimes chemotherapy. In cases where HPV is detected, the prognosis tends to be better, and treatment may be adjusted accordingly.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025