Nasopharyngeal Cancer

Definition

Nasopharyngeal cancer forms in the nasopharynx, the upper part of the throat located behind the nose and above the back of the mouth. Most cases are classified as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Characteristics

This cancer is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, as well as genetic and environmental factors. Symptoms may include a lump in the neck, nasal congestion or bleeding, hearing loss, ear fullness, and difficulty breathing or speaking.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves nasopharyngoscopy, biopsy, imaging tests (MRI, CT, PET scans), and EBV DNA testing. Prognosis depends on the cancer’s stage and spread. Early-stage disease has a good prognosis, while advanced stages may be more challenging to treat.

Treatment

Treatment often includes radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination. Radiation is the primary treatment for early-stage disease, while chemoradiation is preferred for more advanced cases.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025