Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Definition

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for about 85% of all cases. It includes several subtypes, such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.

Characteristics

Symptoms may include a persistent cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, hoarseness, weight loss, and coughing up blood. Risk factors include smoking, exposure to radon or asbestos, and air pollution. Some patients may be diagnosed at an early stage without symptoms, often through imaging done for other reasons.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves imaging tests (chest X-ray, CT scan, PET scan), biopsy, and molecular testing to identify genetic mutations (e.g., EGFR, ALK). Prognosis depends on the stage at diagnosis and the tumor’s genetic profile. Early-stage disease has better outcomes and more treatment options.

Treatment

Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Treatment is personalized based on the cancer’s stage and molecular characteristics. Patients with advanced disease may receive combination therapies or clinical trial options.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025