Osteosarcoma

Definition

Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer, typically arising in the long bones such as the femur, tibia, or humerus. It most often affects teenagers and young adults during periods of rapid growth.

Characteristics

Symptoms may include localized bone pain, swelling, reduced joint mobility, or a palpable lump. The pain often worsens at night or during physical activity. Osteosarcoma can spread to other parts of the body, particularly the lungs.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves imaging tests like X-rays, MRI, CT scans, bone scans, and biopsy. Prognosis depends on tumor size, location, presence of metastases, and response to chemotherapy. Early diagnosis and effective treatment improve survival rates.

Treatment

Treatment typically includes a combination of surgery to remove the tumor and chemotherapy. Limb-sparing surgery is often possible, although amputation may be required in some cases. Radiation therapy is less commonly used but may be considered in certain situations.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025