Parathyroid Cancer

Definition

Parathyroid cancer is a very rare cancer that begins in one of the parathyroid glands, which regulate the body’s calcium levels. Most parathyroid tumors are benign, but in rare cases, they become malignant.

Characteristics

Parathyroid cancer often causes hyperparathyroidism, leading to high calcium levels in the blood. Symptoms may include fatigue, nausea, kidney stones, bone pain, frequent urination, and muscle weakness. A lump in the neck may also be present.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis includes blood tests to detect elevated calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, imaging tests (ultrasound, CT, or sestamibi scans), and surgical evaluation. Prognosis depends on whether the tumor can be fully removed and whether it recurs. Long-term follow-up is necessary due to the risk of recurrence.

Treatment

Surgery is the main treatment and aims to remove the tumor completely. If the cancer recurs or spreads, additional surgery may be needed. Management of calcium levels is crucial throughout and after treatment.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025