Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma

Definition

Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma are rare tumors that arise from nerve tissue. Pheochromocytomas develop in the adrenal glands, while paragangliomas occur outside the adrenal glands along nerve pathways in the chest, abdomen, or neck.

Characteristics

These tumors often produce excess hormones like adrenaline, causing symptoms such as high blood pressure, headaches, sweating, rapid heartbeat, and anxiety. Some tumors are nonfunctional and may cause symptoms only by pressing on nearby structures.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves blood and urine tests to measure hormone levels, imaging tests like CT, MRI, or MIBG scans, and sometimes genetic testing. Prognosis is generally good after complete surgical removal, but some tumors can recur or spread, requiring long-term monitoring.

Treatment

Treatment usually includes surgery to remove the tumor. Medications to control blood pressure are often given before surgery. In metastatic or unresectable cases, options include targeted therapy, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025