Pituitary Tumors

Definition

Pituitary tumors are abnormal growths that develop in the pituitary gland, a small hormone-producing gland at the base of the brain. Most are benign (adenomas), but they can still cause serious health problems due to hormone imbalance or pressure on nearby structures.

Characteristics

Tumors may be functioning (hormone-producing) or non-functioning. Symptoms vary depending on the type and size of the tumor, and may include headaches, vision problems, fatigue, mood changes, unexplained weight gain or loss, and changes in menstrual cycles or sexual function.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves blood and urine hormone tests, MRI scans, and sometimes visual field testing. Prognosis is generally good, especially for benign tumors detected early. Some tumors may require long-term monitoring to check for regrowth.

Treatment

Treatment options include surgery (often through the nose), medication to control hormone levels, and radiation therapy if the tumor is not fully removable or returns. The choice of treatment depends on tumor size, type, and hormone activity.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025