Prostate Cancer

Definition

Prostate cancer develops in the prostate gland, a part of the male reproductive system located below the bladder. It is one of the most common cancers among men, particularly in older adults.

Characteristics

Early prostate cancer usually causes no symptoms. As it progresses, it may lead to difficulty urinating, blood in the urine or semen, pelvic pain, or erectile dysfunction. Risk factors include older age, family history, African ancestry, and certain genetic mutations.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves a digital rectal exam (DRE), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test, and biopsy. Imaging tests like MRI and bone scans help assess spread. Prognosis varies based on cancer stage, Gleason score, PSA level, and other factors. Many cases are slow-growing and highly treatable.

Treatment

Treatment options include active surveillance for low-risk cases, surgery (prostatectomy), radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Choice of treatment depends on cancer aggressiveness, overall health, and patient preferences.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025