Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)

Definition

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a fast-growing type of lung cancer that typically starts in the central airways and spreads quickly to other parts of the body. It accounts for about 10–15% of all lung cancer cases.

Characteristics

Symptoms often include persistent cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, weight loss, and hoarseness. SCLC is strongly associated with smoking and tends to be more aggressive than non-small cell lung cancer, often diagnosed at an advanced stage.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves imaging (CT scan, PET scan, MRI), bronchoscopy or needle biopsy, and sometimes molecular testing. Prognosis is generally poor due to the cancer’s rapid progression, but treatment can help improve survival and relieve symptoms.

Treatment

Treatment usually includes chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Immunotherapy is increasingly used in combination with chemotherapy for extensive-stage disease. Surgery is rarely an option, as most patients are diagnosed when the cancer has already spread.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025