Uterine Sarcoma

Definition

Uterine sarcoma is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that forms in the muscles or supporting tissues of the uterus. It is distinct from the more common endometrial cancer, which develops in the lining of the uterus.

Characteristics

Symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, a noticeable pelvic mass, or unusual vaginal discharge. Risk factors include previous pelvic radiation therapy and long-term use of tamoxifen. Uterine sarcomas grow and spread more quickly than other uterine cancers.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves pelvic exams, imaging tests (ultrasound, MRI, CT scans), and biopsy. Often, the diagnosis is made after surgery for what was presumed to be a benign fibroid. Prognosis depends on the sarcoma subtype, tumor size, stage, and response to treatment.

Treatment

Treatment typically includes surgery to remove the uterus (hysterectomy). Depending on the tumor type and stage, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy may also be recommended. Long-term follow-up is crucial due to the high risk of recurrence.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025