Wilms Tumor

Definition

Wilms tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is a rare kidney cancer that primarily affects young children, usually under the age of five.

Characteristics

The tumor often presents as a painless swelling or mass in the abdomen. Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, blood in the urine, fever, nausea, or high blood pressure. Most cases are diagnosed early due to the noticeable abdominal lump.

Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnosis involves imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI scans, followed by biopsy or surgical removal for confirmation. Prognosis is excellent for most children, especially when the tumor is localized and treated promptly.

Treatment

Treatment typically includes surgery to remove the affected kidney (nephrectomy), followed by chemotherapy and sometimes radiation therapy, depending on the tumor’s stage and histology.

Last Revised: 12 May , 2025